Asociación entre la historia reproductiva, el subtipo de cáncer de mama y la supervivencia de mujeres premenopáusicas / Association between reproductive history, breast cancer subtype, and survival in premenopausal women

Antecedentes y objetivo: La historia reproductiva influye en el riesgo de cáncer de mama. Hemos analizado su asociación con el subtipo tumoral y la supervivencia en mujeres premenopáusicas. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio observacional, retrospectivo, de mujeres premenopáusicas con carcinoma de mama, estadios I-III, en los últimos 20 años. Revisión de la historia reproductiva, de los datos clínicos y de los tratamientos en las historias de salud. Resultados: En 661 mujeres premenopáusicas (32,40% de 1.377 totales), la mediana de edad fue de 47 años (19-53), de la menarquia 12 (7-17), del primer parto 28 (16-41) y de número de partos 2 (0-9). Fueron nulíparas 111 (18,20%). Emplearon lactancia natural 359 (58,80%) con mediana de duración de 6 meses. Consumieron anovulatorios 271 (44,40%), con mediana de 36 meses. Se halló asociación entre menarquia <10 años y menos riesgo de subtipo luminal (OR: 0,52; IC 95%: 0,28-0,94; p=0,03), entre menarquia >11 años y menos riesgo de subtipo HER2 (OR: 0,50; IC 95%: 0,26-0,97; p=0,04) y entre primer parto >30 años y menos riesgo de subtipo triple negativo (OR: 0,40; IC 95%: 0,17-0,93; p=0,03). La probabilidad de supervivencia global y libre de enfermedad a 20 años fue de 0,80 (IC 95%: 0,71-0,90) y 0,72 (IC 95%: 0,64-0,79), respectivamente. Las pacientes con uno o más de un parto presentaron mejor supervivencia global que las nulíparas (HR: 0,51; IC 95%: 0,27-0,96, p=0,04). Conclusiones: Los hallazgos sugieren que existe asociación entre edad de la menarquia y del primer parto y subtipo de cáncer de mama. La nuliparidad está asociada con peor supervivencia.(AU)

Background and objective: Reproductive history influences breast cancer risk. We analysed its association with tumour subtype and survival in premenopausal women. Patients and methods: Retrospective, observational study of premenopausal women with stage I-III breast carcinoma in the last 20 years. Review of reproductive history, clinical data, and treatments in health records.Results: In 661 premenopausal women (32.40% of 1377 total cases), median age was 47 years (19-53), menarche 12 (7-17), first delivery 28 (16-41) and number of deliveries 2 (0-9). One hundred and eleven (18.20%) were nulliparous. Three hundred and fifty-nine (58.80%) used natural lactation, with a median duration of 6 months. Anovulatory drugs were used by 271 (44.40%), with a median duration of 36 months. Associations were found between menarche <10 years and lower risk of luminal subtype (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28-0.94; P=.03), between menarche >11 years and lower risk of HER2 subtype (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.26-0.97; P=.04) and between first birth >30 years and lower risk of triple negative subtype (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.17-0.93; P=.03). The 20-year overall and disease-free survival probabilities were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.71–0.90) and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.64-0.79) respectively. Patients with ≥1 delivery had better overall survival than nulliparous patients (HR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27-0.96, P=.04). Conclusions: The findings suggest an association between age at menarche and age at first delivery and breast cancer subtype. Nulliparity is associated with worse survival.(AU)

Association between reproductive history, breast cancer subtype, and survival in premenopausal women. / Asociación entre la historia reproductiva, el subtipo de cáncer de mama y la supervivencia de mujeres premenopáusicas.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Reproductive history influences breast cancer risk. We analysed its association with tumour subtype and survival in premenopausal women. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospective, observational study of premenopausal women with stage I-III breast carcinoma in the last 20 years. Review of reproductive history, clinical data, and treatments in health records. RESULTS: In 661 premenopausal women (32.40% of 1377 total cases), median age was 47 years (19-53), menarche 12 (7-17), first delivery 28 (16-41) and number of deliveries 2 (0-9). One hundred and eleven (18.20%) were nulliparous. Three hundred and fifty-nine (58.80%) used natural lactation, with a median duration of 6 months. Anovulatory drugs were used by 271 (44.40%), with a median duration of 36 months. Associations were found between menarche <10 years and lower risk of luminal subtype (OR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.28-0.94; P=.03), between menarche >11 years and lower risk of HER2 subtype (OR: 0.50, 95% CI: 0.26-0.97; P=.04) and between first birth >30 years and lower risk of triple negative subtype (OR: 0.40, 95% CI: 0.17-0.93; P=.03). The 20-year overall and disease-free survival probabilities were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.71-0.90) and 0.72 (95% CI: 0.64-0.79) respectively. Patients with ≥1 delivery had better overall survival than nulliparous patients (HR: 0.51, 95% CI: 0.27-0.96, P=.04). CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest an association between age at menarche and age at first delivery and breast cancer subtype. Nulliparity is associated with worse survival.

Relación entre los factores estímulo estrogénicos y subtipos biológicos de cáncer de mama luminal A, luminal B y HER2 / Relationship between estrogenic stimulating factors and biological subtypes of luminal A, luminal B and HER2 breast cancer

Resumen ANTECEDENTES: El cáncer de mama es la principal neoplasia en incidencia y mortalidad en mujeres. Los subtipos moleculares: luminal A, luminal B, HER2 y triple negativo tienen un pronóstico y tasas de supervivencia diferentes. En la bibliografía está demostrada la estrecha asociación entre los factores estímulo estrogénicos y el cáncer de mama en general, aunque las diferencias no son claras debido a los subtipos moleculares. OBJETIVO: Revisar la bibliografía reciente y describir la relación entre los subtipos moleculares del cáncer de mama y los factores reproductivos. METODOLOGÍA: Búsqueda en las bases de datos PubMed y LILACS con los términos MeSH y DeCS: neoplasias de la mama, subtipos moleculares, factores de riesgo, factores reproductivos. Se buscó la asociación entre los antecedentes de paridad, edad al primer embarazo y el antecedente de lactancia materna con los subtipos moleculares de cáncer de mama: luminal A, luminal B y HER2. RESULTADOS: Se obtuvieron 366 artículos y se eliminaron 352 por: duplicidad en títulos y resúmenes, sin pertinencia para el tema, protocolos de investigación que no estudiaran la asociación entre factores estímulo estrogénicos con los subtipos moleculares de cáncer de mama. Al final, el análisis se hizo con 14 artículos. CONCLUSIONES: Los tumores con receptores hormonales positivos se asociaron con: edad mayor al primer embarazo, mayor tiempo entre la menarquia y el primer embarazo a término y edad avanzada en el último embarazo. Factores protectores para tumores luminales y HER2 puro: lactancia materna y multiparidad.

Abstract BACKGROUND: Breast cancer represents the main neoplasia in incidence and mortality in women, it can be divided into molecular subtypes (luminal A, luminal B, HER2 and triple negative) having a differential prognosis and survival rates. There is literature that demonstrates the strong association between estrogenic stimulating factors and breast cancer, but the existing differences by molecular subtypes are not clear. OBJECTIVE: To review the recent literature and describe the relationship found between molecular subtypes of breast cancer and estrogenic stimulating factors. METHODOLOGY: Search in the PubMed and LILACS databases with the MeSH and DeCS terms: breast neoplasms, molecular subtypes, risk factors, reproductive factors, looking for the association between the antecedents of parity, age at first pregnancy and history of breastfeeding with molecular subtypes of breast cancer (luminal A, luminal B and HER2). RESULTS: A total of 366 results were obtained, excluding 352 articles when evaluating duplicity, titles and abstracts, articles without relevance to the topic, research protocols and articles that did not study the association of estrogenic stimulating factors with molecular subtypes of breast cancer, resulting in 14 articles. CONCLUSIONS: Hormone receptor-positive tumors were found to be associated with older age at first pregnancy, longer time between menarche and first term pregnancy and older age at last pregnancy. Breastfeeding and multiparity were found as protective factors for luminal tumors and pure Her2.

Historia reproductiva y fecundidad en pacientes con proteinopatías del Sistema Nervioso / Reproductive history and fertility in patients affected by Proteinopathies of the nervous system

RESUMEN Introducción: Se conoce que varias proteinopatías del sistema nervioso se asocian a la ocurrencia de cambios significativos en la historia reproductiva y la fecundidad. Objetivo: Reflejar el comportamiento de la historia reproductiva y de la fecundidad en pacientes con proteinopatías del sistema nervioso. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica entre los meses de enero de 2018 a diciembre de 2018. Se consultaron las bases de datos PubMed, EBSCO, Google Scholar y HighWire. Se empleó la estrategia de búsqueda avanzada para la selección de los artículos. Desarrollo: Se identificaron evidencias de ocurrencia de cambios significativos en la historia reproductiva y la fecundidad en pacientes con proteinopatías del sistema nervioso. Mientras que las mujeres con enfermedad de Parkinson y los pacientes con Esclerosis lateral amiotrófica tienden a tener una menor fecundidad que individuos de la población general, los pacientes con la enfermedad de Huntington o con Ataxias espinocerebelosas tienden a tener una mayor fecundidad que individuos de la población general, con un importante rol para la nupcialidad. Las mujeres con enfermedad de Alzheimer tienden a presentar la menopausia a edades más tardías, mientras que las pacientes con enfermedad de Parkinson tienden a tener una menarquía más tardía y un menor número de abortos. Conclusiones: Las evidencias disponibles con respecto a cambios significativos en la historia reproductiva y la fecundidad en pacientes con proteinopatías del sistema nervioso son frecuentemente contradictorias y se caracterizan por un énfasis en factores biológicos y la consecuente desestimación de factores de tipo socioeconómico y cultural.

ABSTRACT Introduction: It is known that several proteinopathies of the nervous system are associated with significant changes in reproductive history and fertility. Objective: To show the behavior of reproductive history and fertility in patients with proteinopathies of the nervous system. Material and Methods: A literature review was carried out from January, 2018 to December, 2018. Search was carried out in databases like PubMed, EBSCO, Google Scholar and HighWire. An advanced search strategy was used in the selection of the articles. Results: Evidence on the occurrence of significant changes in reproductive history and fertility in patients with proteinopathies of the nervous system were identified. Women with Parkinson´s disease and patients with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis tend to show lower fertility than individuals in the general population. On the contrary, patients with Huntington´s disease or Spinocerebellar Ataxias tend to show higher fertility than individuals in the general population, with a significant role for nuptiality. On the other hand, women with Alzheimer´s disease usually show menopause at older ages whereas women with Parkinson´s disease usually show delayed menarche and a more reduced number of abortions than women in the general population. Conclusions: Available evidence regarding significant changes in the reproductive history and fertility in patients with proteinopathies of the nervous system are frequently contradictory and focused on biological factors with underestimation of socio-economic and cultural factors.

Aspectos sociodemográficos, história sexual reprodutiva e conhecimento contraceptivo de puérperas adolescentes e adultas / Características sociodemográficas, historia reproductiva sexual y el conocimiento de anticonceptivos de adolescentes y adultos / Socio-demographic aspects, sexual reproductive history and contraceptive knowledge of puerperal teenagers and adults

OBJETIVO: descrever e comparar os aspectos sociodemográficos, a história sexual e reprodutiva e o conhecimento contraceptivo de puérperas adolescentes e adultas que tiveram seus partos numa maternidade de referência para a macrorregião de saúde. MÉTODOS: foi realizada entrevista individual com um instrumento semi estruturado contendo questões relativas aos aspectos estudados. RESULTADOS: a média de idade das puérperas foi de 26,74 anos. Dentre os métodos contraceptivos, a pílula foi apontada como mais conhecido. Houve associação estatisticamente significante entre o período fértil e a idade da puérpera e a renda. A mediana de idade em que as puérperas tiveram sua primeira relação sexual foi de 17 anos. A associação idade da puérpera e idade da primeira relação sexual (p<0,001) identificou início mais cedo da atividade sexual entre as adolescentes. CONCLUSÃO: as puérperas, em geral, possuem conhecimento inadequado do período fértil, além do conhecimento limitado acercados métodos contraceptivos. Há necessidade de maior atenção à assistência e ao planejamento familiar.

OBJECTIVE: to describe and to compare the sociodemographic aspects, the sexual and reproductive history and contraceptiveknowledge of postpartum teenagers and adults who had their births in a reference maternity for the health macro-region.METHODS: we used individual interview with a semi-structured instrument containing questions related to the previously studiedaspects. RESULTS: the average of the mothers’ age was 26.74 years old. Among the methods of contraception, the pill was the mostknown by the mothers. There was a statistically significant association between the fertile phase, the age of puerperal woman andincome. The median age at which the mothers had their first sexual intercourse was 17 years old. The association of postpartumage and her first sexual intercourse age (p <0.001) identified earlier onset of sexual activity among adolescents. CONCLUSION: ingeneral, they have inadequate knowledge of the fertile period, in addition to limited knowledge about contraceptive methods.There is a need for greater attention to family planning and care.

OBJETIVO: describir y comparar los aspectos socio-demográficos, la historia sexual y reproductiva y el conocimiento anticonceptivode las madres adolescentes y adultos que tenían sus entregas en una maternidad de referencia en la macro-región de salud. MÉTODOS: fueron realizadas entrevistas individuales con instrumentos semi-estructurados con las cuestiones relativas a losaspectos estudiados. RESULTADOS: La edad media de las madres fue de 26,74 años. Entre los métodos anticonceptivos, la píldora hasido nombrado el más conocido. Se observó una asociación estadísticamente significativa entre el período fértil y la edad puerperaly los ingresos. La edad media a la que las madres tuvieron su primera relación sexual fue a los 17 años. La asociación edadpuerperal y la edad de la primera relación sexual (p <0,001) identificó inicio más temprano de la actividad sexual entre losadolescentes. CONCLUSIÓN: las madres, generalmente, tienen un conocimiento inadecuado del período fértil, además de unconocimiento limitado acerca de los métodos anticonceptivos. Existe la necesidad de una mayor atención a la ayuda y a laplanificación familiar.

Trends and risk factors of stillbirths and neonatal deaths in Eastern Uganda (1982-2011): a cross-sectional, population-based study.

OBJECTIVES: To identify mortality trends and risk factors associated with stillbirths and neonatal deaths 1982-2011. METHODS: Population-based cross-sectional study based on reported pregnancy history in Iganga-Mayuge Health and Demographic Surveillance Site (HDSS) in Uganda. A pregnancy history survey was conducted among women aged 15-49 years living in the HDSS during May-July 2011 (n = 10 540). Time trends were analysed with cubic splines and linear regression. Potential risk factors were examined with multilevel logistic regression with adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS: 34 073 births from 1982 to 2011 were analysed. The annual rate of decrease was 0.9% for stillbirths and 1.8% for neonatal mortality. Stillbirths were associated with several risk factors: multiple births (AOR 2.57, CI 1.66-3.99), previous adverse outcome (AOR 6.16, CI 4.26-8.88) and grand multiparity among 35- to 49-year-olds (AOR 1.97, CI 1.32-2.89). Neonatal deaths were associated with multiple births (AOR 6.16, CI 4.80-7.92) and advanced maternal age linked with parity of 1-4 (AOR 2.34, CI 1.28-4.25) and grand multiparity (AOR 1.44, CI 1.09-1.90). Education, marital status and household wealth were not associated with the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: The slow decline in mortality rates and easily identifiable risk factors calls for improving quality of care at birth and a rethinking of how to address obstetric risks, potentially a revival of the risk approach in antenatal care.

¿Fracasaron la consejería preconcepcional y el control prenatal?: una mirada desde las estadísticas vitalesen Bogotá (Colombia), 2009-2010 / Did the preconception counseling and prenatal control fail?: a look from the vital statistics in Bogota (Colombia), 2009-2010

Introducción: la Política de Salud Sexual y Reproductiva ha sido objeto decuestionamiento por los medios de comunicación y diversas organizacionesgubernamentales en tres sentidos: la consejería preconcepcional, el controlprenatal y el número de partos por cesárea. Se propone un ejercicio teóricoanalítico utilizando el módulo de Nacidos Vivos y Defunciones del Registro Únicode Afiliación en Salud para comprobar estos hechos.Métodos: estudio de tipo cohorte única, con los registros de nacidos vivos en Bogotá entre 2009 y 2010 disponibles en el portal electrónico del registro, compilados en Microsoft Excel® 2007, filtrados con criterios de inclusión y analizados en EpiINFO 3.5.2Resultados: se totalizaron 123.068 registros de nacidos vivos, de los cuales el 82,5 porciento fueron incluidos para análisis. Nacimientos: 37 porciento fueron por cesárea en 2009, y 38,6 porciento en 2010. 21,3 porciento de los nacimientos en 2009 y 17,7 porciento en 2010 fueron de madres adolescentes. El OR para parto distótico en adolescentes fue de 1,69 (χ2 = 944,96; p=0,0); el OR para Apgar bajo al minuto en neonatos de adolescentesfue 1,31 (χ2=31,27, p=0,001).Conclusión: del registro se configura una realidad sugestiva de una falla específicade la actual política de salud sexual y reproductiva, y la necesidad de su evaluación y reformulación en el marco del futuro Plan Decenal de Salud.

Introduction: the policy for Sexual and Reproductive Health has been questioned by the communication media and by diverse government organizations in three ways: the preconception counseling, prenatal control and the number of births bycesarean section. An analytical theoretical exercise is proposed through the usage of the module of Born Alive and Deaths from the Exclusive Registry of Health affiliation in order to corroborate these facts. Methods: a quantitative study of the sole cohort type, with the registry of the born alive in Bogota between 2009 and 2010 available in the electronic portal ofrecords compiled in Microsoft Excel® 2007, filtered with inclusion criteria andanalyzed by EpiINFO 3.5.2 Results: a total of 123,068 records of born alive children of which 82.5% were included in the analysis. Births: 37% were through cesarean section in 2009 and38.6% in 2010. 21.3% of the births in 2009 and 17.7% in 2010 were from adolescent birth in adolescents was 1.69 (X2 = 944.96% p= 0, 0); the OR for low Apgar after one minute in neonate babies from adolescents was 1.31 (X2=31.27, p=0.001) Conclusion: from the records we can form an interesting reality of a specific faultand the need to evaluate it and reformulate it, in the framework of a future Decennial Health Plan.